In regulating processes with reinforcement distinction: automatic and manual control, remote and local, continuous and periodic, infinitely variable and position.
The most perfect is the remote automatic continuous stepless control. The least perfect – manual regulation of the local periodical.
By way of joining pipe fittings divided into flanged, threaded, tsapkovuyu, choke and with pipe weld (weld).
Flanged valves have the connections, fitted with flanges, socket – coupling with internal thread. Fittings for sewer networks can be threaded connections without internal thread, conical cavity which when combined with the pipeline are sealed with a rubber ring and filled with sealing material. Old style fixture has the connections with gasket seal and the outer thread, choke – with male thread without cushioning seal.
Reinforcement welding has the connections provided and prepared for welding to the PEX pipe.
Select area PEX pipe gas or water for maintenance and repair, and the connecting works have always associated with great financial cost. An interesting alternative to cutting the pipeline is the use of nozzles, caps tapped large diameters. The use of these parts can significantly reduce the cost of installation of equipment for cutting and does not interfere with the normal operating mode of supply of consumers.
The traditional method of blocking with inset into existing (existing) PEX tube segment is the blockade, which can be implemented in the following ways:
* Tamping (ceiling fixtures);
* Compression of the pipeline;
* Install a shut-off ball.
The currently applied on a voluntary basis NSF P171 protocol used in the tests and to compile a list of NSF are resistant to chlorine PEX pipe, which are used in two types of systems: traditional domestic systems (Cl-TD) and continuous recirculation systems (SC-TR ). Presence in a list PEX-product is certified to a minimum service life of 80 years (40 years – calculated the minimum expected lifetime of a given resistance to chlorine and the estimated coefficient NSF 0,5 reduce the value of this index) in piping systems, potable water supply. The difference in application systems Cl-TD and Cl-R is determined by the differences between traditional pipe systems for hot water and domestic hot water systems with continuous recirculation. The design of traditional systems incorporated that contact with the hot water is produced only during the flow of hot water, which is approximately 25% of the total time of the system. But in systems with recirculation PEX pipe in contact with hot water continuously. Recirculation hot water system of continuous working in residential buildings are relatively new applications for the residential sector.
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Standard ASTM F876-02 “Standard Specification for polyethylene PEX pipe with cross-linking polymers” (PEX) is defined that, when tested according to standard ASTM F2023 Standard test method for evaluating oxidation resistance of PEX pipe and systems made of polyethylene with cross-linking polymers (PEX) under the influence of hot chlorinated water for all potable water applications, which use PEX pipe, these PEX pipe must maintain a specified resistance to chlorine for a minimum of 50 years.
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With the help of mechanical fasteners, which are the basis Clamp connections may connect PEX pipe of different materials, with outer diameters of these PEX pipe may differ significantly from each other. Mechanical fasteners for PEX pipe made of PE, as a rule, provide reliable axial force closure, even if the portable power are significantly higher than the strength of the pipe. Sealing compound is achieved by means of an elastomeric sealing element. To counteract the strength and flexibility of the material in the clamp connection in some cases necessary to use spacers bushings inside the tubes. To repair minor damage can be used reinforcing repair lining. The presence of residual water has usually no effect on the quality of the connection. Durable is the connection (unlike the weld, which corresponds to the period of exploitation PEX pipe up to 100 years), can not be named.
Typically, for these purposes are resistant to axial loads fittings. An important feature of such items from the mechanical coupling is that when carrying out repair works using shunt (coil) may move across the clutch needed to facilitate the installation of the length of the PEX pipe. In the compression screw cap nut during assembly fitting simultaneously increases Mounting sealing element. This dynamic sealing effect saves physical effort at installation, and, in addition, gives confidence in a robust sealing compounds, even with an uneven surface of the PEX pipe.
The problem of “residual water” when connecting to the house. Repair sleeve (Fig. 3) decreases in the assembled condition the possibility that the “residual water” in the zone of welding due assembled into a sealing circuit. Integrity is preserved under the pressure reached about 1 bar. A prerequisite for the application of repair bushings is their convenience for use in any part of the PVC pipe fittings due to the great flexibility. Nevertheless, their use is limited to diameters of 32 to 63mm in SDK 11.
The problem of “residual water” at Ø> 63 mm. Technology use is limited to repair sleeves 63 mm due to the inflexibility of large diameter pipelines and related complications installation. Another way to prevent residual water in the zone of welding is common in the area of gas technology installed locking ball, which is due to the high flexibility allows to overlap the different diameter PEX pipe. To install a shut-off ball, you must first drill a hole in the pipe. The drill is inserted through the nipple pad (Fig. 4). This pipe-lining can be welded to the tube and after the repair is brewed using plugs. An alternative may make PVC fittings, which is dismantled after the frame, and cut a hole sealed amplifying gag-strip. This way you can avoid standing water which can gather under the dome of the pipe-lining. Locking ball significantly reduces the likelihood of “residual water in the zone of welding. It should be noted that before closing the ball should not be pressure, ie, water storage should be derived through the drilled hole. After completion of the frame or repairs with the help of plug-in of fitting parts or movable clutch locking ball is pulled from the pipe, and the hole sealed by one of the above methods (Fig. 5). After the expiry of the cooling of parts and washing water, he is again ready for operation.
Alternative locking ball – film cap. New discoveries in the field of film technology offers an interesting alternative to installing a shut-off ball – water soluble film. They reduce the possibility of water in the area of welding at a certain time, and then dissolve in it. The membrane consists of a non-toxic polyvinyl (PVAL) and polyethylene insert that is authorized for use in potable water. To mount the film membrane (Fig. 6) is introduced into the open end of the pipeline. Compaction occurs due to the integrated sealing jaws. After the restoration of the pipeline remains film membranes are washed out during the flushing water.
In recent years begun to be implemented non-pressure PEX pipe Extra Large sizes (up to 4 meters) of two types: spiralnovitye of pre-made profiles and single stage – winding the molten PE band with a modification of the ring stiffness of the additional elements on the surface of the pipe.
In Europe (especially in Scandinavia) have proliferated in the pipe from the composition of PP with mineral filler (40%) obtained on complete one-step compounding plants (direct compounding).
In Intra-sewer systems instead of PVC PEX pipe have spread from the PP, including In the past few years, foam sandwich and special noise absorbing compositions of PP with salts of heavy metals.
In the past few decades, polymers have become one of the basic materials for the production of PEX pipe throughout the world. These PEX pipe have ushered in unprecedented first level of reliability and efficiency of water supply, PEX radiant heating, sanitation and transportation of various media. But the potential of PVC is far from exhausted, constantly creating new, better songs and developed new high-tech types of PEX pipe.
History of PVC fittings is calculated over the centuries. During this time they have come a long way from the tubes of cane to multicomponent systems, can withstand high pressure and high temperature.
A new impetus to the development of pipeline transport has given the appearance of polymers. Polymers squeezed traditional materials in all fields of applications. PEX pipe have confirmed the expected date of service. Every year the world produces more than 10 million tons of PEX pipe, which are used in construction of plumbing supply systems,PEX radiant heating and sanitation, to transport oil and gas pumping corrosive media. Last winter there were two notable events for the industry: 50 years since the beginning of hydrostatic testing PE pipe and 30 years – since the beginning of the tests at 95 ° C Pipe PEX-A in the laboratory of “Basel” in Frankfurt am Main.
Observing the proceedings conducted in the factories Uponor Wirsbo, should:
1. prevent the sale of damaged PEX pipe and
2. ensure that all pipe sold meet the requirements of state certification, especially when it concerns the results of tests conducted by the concern Uponor Wirsbo.
In order to monitor the internal production process has become more reliable as possible, it was transferred under the control of independent testing organizations. Two or three times a year, Uponor Wirsbo plants visited by representatives of such organizations in the United States, West Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, France and Sweden. They are studying the specification, magazines and testing equipment, as well as take samples for testing in their laboratories.
The appearance in the middle of XX century. First PEX pipe for drainage has been a revolution in public utilities. PEX pipe made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) have replaced the metal and allowed as soon as possible to modernize the system of drainage. Consider the most interesting innovations in the field of PEX pipe on the areas of application.
It was tverdostennaya PVC pipe. For many years she enjoyed the same success, and continues to apply until the present day. But technology is not standing still. And the whole family of non-pressure PEX pipe has been developed and offered to the market. One of the works was improving the material properties, resulting in a high-impact PVC pipe, which reduced the main disadvantage of conventional PVC – fragility. Fundamentally new type of product has three-pipe made of PVC. It foamed through porofora inner layer of the TM-BX is protected on both sides of the usual material. This technology allows for a much larger diameter PEX pipe, while maintaining low weight. The most successful today have dual-layer corrugated PEX pipe made of PVC first, then from PEX (PP) and polyethylene (PE). High ring stiffness of these tubes in combination with a linear flexibility and minimal weight allow them to produce up to 2,5 m in diameter and used in almost any conditions. On the basis of corrugated pipe created a variety of drainage systems, immediately and completely replaced not perforated PEX pipe.
Once a week, Uponor Wirsbo PEX selects five samples from the production line for a pressure test. The samples are placed in the water 203 ° F. (95 ° C.), filled with water and subjected to excessive pressure for 170 hours.
For example, a PEX pipe with a nominal value of the pressure of 87 psi (6 bar) tested Uponor Wirsbo at an internal pressure of 145-174 psi (10-12 bar). As a result, the pipe wall will be provided to the hoop stress of 667 psi (4.6 N/mm2). This value is close to approaching the real strength of the material. There is good reason to Uponor Wirsbo has worked with such high values in conducting these tests. Uponor Wirsbo PEX recommends exert the same voltage during short-term tests that when the scheduling of the operating time to failure. This approach provides an additional guarantee of quality. Uponor Wirsbo conducts such tests, which lasts 1000 hours, though not so often.
In accordance with the applicable regulations also conducted one-hour pressure test, and even under pressure, to break. According to the company Uponor Wirsbo, such short-term tests are not important and need to pass, if carried out appropriate tests of raw materials.
Owing to the high quality and unique properties of PEX pipe (molecular shape memory, high elasticity, smooth surface, etc.), compounds Uponor Wirsbo performed without gluing, soldering, PEX radiant heating, welding, threading.
PEX pipe
Applicable fittings are made from a variety of corrosion-resistant materials and have high quality (availability of quality certificate ISO 9001).
In the technology of Uponor Wirsbo, there are three types of connections:
* A combination of mechanical screwed with crimp nuts (chuck) for PEX pipe Ø 16,20,25 mm;
* A combination of mechanical clamping (crimping clamps) type WiPEX – for PEX pipe Ø 25-10 mm;
* Connections samoobzhimnye Wirsbo Quick & Easy – used for PEX pipe Ø 16, 20, 25, 32, 40 mm.
Quality is an integral part of the tradition of Uponor Wirsbo Company since its inception in the seventeenth century. It is with such a feeling has developed an extensive system of quality assurance. Requirements for Uponor Wirsbo to yourself, are high. The company aims to be the best. At less she did not agree.
All PEX pipe Uponor Wirsbo, has markings that is repeated through each meter of length, for example:
* Uponor Wirsbo-PEX – name of the product;
* 16×2, 2 – size in mm (external diameter and wall thickness);
* DVGW – German certificate for use in drinking water systems;
* PEX-a DIN – the rule that made pipe;
* MPA-DA – permission to scan quality;
* BS 14856 – the party designation of PEX pipe;
* Xxx – footage (marked through each meter);
* 95 ° C – maximum operating temperature;
PB * 6 (RV 10) – operating pressure 6 bar (10 bar);
* Sauerstoffdicht DIN 4726 – kislorodopronitsaemost PEX pipe according to DIN 4726.
Depending on the destination, the concern Uponor Wirsbo manufactures PEX pipe of the following types:
* Uponor Wirsbo-PEX
* Uponor Wirsbo-eval PEX
* Uponor Wirsbo-pePEX
* Uponor Wirsbo Meltaway
* Uponor Wirsbo-inPEX
Pipe Uponor Wirsbo-inPEX, thanks to its exceptional hygiene, have been widely used in medicine (installation dialysis blood).
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